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2024 考研英语一 Section II Part C Translation

Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) “Elephants never forget”—or so they say—and that piece of folklore seems to have some foundation. The African savanna elephant, also known as the African bush elephant, is distributed across 37 African countries. They move between a variety of habitats, including forests, grasslands, woodlands, wetlands and agricultural land. (46) They sometimes travel more than sixty miles to find food or water, and are very good at working out where other elephants are—even when they are out of sight. Using tracking devices, researchers have shown that they have “remarkable spatial acuity.” When finding their way to waterholes, they headed off in exactly the right direction, on one occasion from a distance of roughly thirty miles. What is more, they almost always seem to choose the nearest water hole. (47) The researchers are convinced that the elephants always know precisely where they are in relation to all the resources they need, and can therefore take shortcuts, as well as following familiar routes. Although the cues used by African elephants for long-distance navigation are not yet understood, smell may well play a part. Elephants are very choosy eaters, but until recently little was known about how they selected their food. (48) One possibility was that they merely used their eyes and tried out the plants they found, but that would probably result in a lot of wasted time and energy, not least because their eyesight is actually not very good. (49) The volatile chemicals produced by plants can be carried a long way, and they are very characteristic: Each plant or tree has its own particular odor signature. What is more, they can be detected even when they are not actually visible. New research suggests that smell is a crucial factor in guiding elephants—and probably other herbivores—to the best food resources. The researchers first established what kinds of plant the elephants preferred either to eat or avoid when foraging freely. They then set up a “food station” experiment, in which they gave the elephants a series of choices based only on smell. (50) The experiment showed that elephants may well use smell to identify patches of trees that are good to eat, and secondly to assess the quality of the trees within each patch. Free-ranging elephants presumably also use this information to locate their preferred food. Their well-developed hippocampal structures may enable elephants, like rats and people, to construct cognitive maps.

Echo 参考译文、难点评析与错误点总结

说明：以下为 Echo 生成的非官方参考译文和学习解析，用于自测、批改和复盘；不等同于官方答案。

Echo 参考译文

46. 它们有时为了寻找食物或水会旅行超过 60 英里，而且非常擅长计算出其他大象在哪里 —— 甚至当它们在视线之外。
47. 研究人员被说服，这些大象总是知道相对于所需的所有资源而言它们究竟在哪里，因此它们除了沿着熟悉的路线行走之外，还能够选择捷径。
48. 一种可能是，它们仅仅利用眼睛并尝试它们发现的植物，但是那可能会产生大量白费的时间和精力，尤其是因为它们的视力实际上并不怎么好。
49. 植物所产生的易变的化学物质可以被携带很远的距离，而且它们还极为典型：每种植物或树木都有自己独特的气味标签。
50. 实验表明，大象很可能使用嗅觉来辨别好吃的成片树木并评估每片区域内树木的质量。

整体难点评析

本文主题可归为“考古发现与历史遗址”。英语一翻译通常为 5 个划线句，每句 2 分。复盘时应逐句拆主干、定修饰范围，再检查抽象名词和逻辑关系是否落到中文里。

• 结构难点：重点关注名词化结构、被动与非谓语、逻辑连接、修饰后置、长句主干识别。先找主句谓语，再处理从句、分词、介词短语和插入成分，避免在中文里把修饰关系接错。
• 词义难点：不要机械使用词典第一义，尤其是抽象名词、学术动词和评价性形容词。应根据上下文确定它们是在表示事实、趋势、原因、态度还是结果。
• 逻辑难点：翻译时要显化英语中的因果、转折、让步、递进和目的关系。中文可以调整语序，但不能丢掉逻辑方向。
• 表达难点：中文译文要准确优先，再追求通顺。可以适度增补主语或承接词，但不能加入原文没有的信息。

常见错误点总结

• 主干误判：把修饰成分当主句，或漏掉真正谓语，会导致整句方向错误。
• 修饰范围错误：定语从句、分词短语和介词短语常常后置，翻译时要判断它修饰哪个名词或动作。
• 抽象名词处理生硬：如 process、approach、engagement、movement、connection 等词，要根据上下文译成“过程、方式、参与、运动、联系”等合适表达。
• 逻辑词漏译或反译：but、despite、while、so、as、with 等小词常决定句子关系，是扣分高发点。
• 中文表达不成句：逐词硬贴会让译文读不通。建议译完后用中文默读一遍，检查主语、谓语、宾语和逻辑连接是否完整。