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2021 考研英语一 Section I Use of English

Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-term memory and the ability to think quickly, logically, and abstractly in order to solve new problems. It 1 in young adulthood, levels out for a period of time, and then 2 starts to slowly decline as we age. But 3 aging is inevitable, scientists are finding out that certain changes in brain function may not be. One study found that muscle loss and the 4 of body fat around the abdomen are associated with a decline in fluid intelligence. This suggests the 5 that lifestyle factors might help prevent or 6 this type of decline. The researchers looked at data that 7 measurements of lean muscle and abdominal fat from more than 4,000 middle-to-older-aged men and women and 8 that data to reported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period. They found that middle-aged people 9 higher measures of abdominal fat 10 worse on measures of fluid intelligence as the years 11 . For women, the association may be 12 to changes in immunity that resulted from excess abdominal fat; in men, the immune system did not appear to be 13 . It is hoped that future studies could 14 these differences and perhaps lead to different 15 for men and women. 16 , there are steps you can 17 to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain lean muscle mass as you age in order to protect both your physical and mental 18 . The two highly recommended lifestyle approaches are maintaining or increasing your 19 of aerobic exercise and following a Mediterranean-style 20 that is high in fiber and eliminates highly processed foods.

1. [A] pauses [B] peaks [C] returns [D] fades
2. [A] alternatively [B] formally [C] generally [D] accidentally
3. [A] until [B] since [C] once [D] while
4. [A] accumulation [B] detection [C] consumption [D] separation
5. [A] requirement [B] decision [C] goal [D] possibility
6. [A] utilize [B] ensure [C] seek [D] delay
7. [A] modified [B] included [C] supported [D] predicted
8. [A] compared [B] devoted [C] converted [D] applied
9. [A] against [B] above [C] by [D] with
10. [A] lived [B] scored [C] managed [D] played
11. [A] ran out [B] set off [C] went by [D] drew in
12. [A] attributable [B] superior [C] parallel [D] resistant
13. [A] restored [B] involved [C] isolated [D] controlled
14. [A] alter [B] spread [C] explain [D] remove
15. [A] compensations [B] symptoms [C] treatments [D] demands
16. [A] Meanwhile [B] Likewise [C] Therefore [D] Instead
17. [A] change [B] watch [C] take [D] count
18. [A] coordination [B] process [C] formation [D] well-being
19. [A] space [B] love [C] knowledge [D] level
20. [A] design [B] diet [C] routine [D] prescription

Echo 完形整体难点评析与易错点总结

说明：本部分为 Echo 生成的非官方学习解析，用于帮助复盘篇章逻辑与常见失分点。

客观题答案链

1-B；2-C；3-D；4-A；5-D；6-D；7-B；8-A；9-D；10-B；11-C；12-A；13-B；14-C；15-C；16-A；17-C；18-D；19-D；20-B

答案分布：A:4，B:5，C:5，D:6

篇章主线

本文主题可归为“心理状态与求助行为”。开篇信息是：Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-term memory and the ability to think quickly, logically, and abstractly in order to solve new problems. 复盘时应先抓住文章对象、时间推进和因果变化，再回到每个空格判断词性、搭配和逻辑方向。

整体难点评析

• 篇章层面：完形不是逐空翻词，很多空格依赖前后两三句的照应关系。先判断段落是在介绍背景、推进事件、解释原因还是给出结论，再判断选项是否顺着文章主线发展。
• 语言层面：本篇需要重点关注名词化结构、被动与非谓语、逻辑连接、修饰后置、长句主干识别。遇到长句时先找主谓宾或系表结构，再处理介词短语、定语从句和分词结构。
• 选项层面：常见干扰来自近义词、同一语义场词汇和固定搭配误判。尤其要检查动词是否能支配后面的宾语，形容词是否能修饰目标名词，介词是否符合原文空间或逻辑关系。
• 复盘层面：先用答案链检查自己错题集中在哪一类空格，再把错题分成“词义不准、搭配不熟、逻辑关系反、代词/指代没看清”四类，后续训练会更有效。

选项观察示例

• 1. [A] pauses [B] peaks [C] returns [D] fades
• 2. [A] alternatively [B] formally [C] generally [D] accidentally
• 3. [A] until [B] since [C] once [D] while

这些选项不能只按中文意思选。更稳的做法是先确定空格在句中的语法角色，再看它和前后关键词之间是否形成自然搭配，最后用全文主题检查语义是否跑偏。

易错点总结

• 只看空格所在半句，忽略上一句铺垫或下一句解释，容易把“局部通顺”的选项误当答案。
• 把近义词当成可互换词，忽略语体、搭配对象和逻辑方向，是完形高频失分原因。
• 遇到转折、让步、因果、递进时，要先判断作者态度和事件走向；逻辑方向判断错，后面的词义判断通常也会错。
• 名词空重点看可数性、抽象/具体属性和前置修饰；动词空重点看主语、宾语和时态语态；形容词/副词空重点看评价色彩和程度。
• 复盘时不要只记答案字母，应把正确选项放回原句朗读一遍，确认句法、语义和篇章三层都成立。