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2015 考研英语一 Section I Use of English

Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is 1 a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has 2 . The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1,932 unique subjects which 4 pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both 5 . While 1% may seem 6 , it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even 7 their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who 8 our kin.” The study 9 found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity. Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now. 10 , as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more 11 it. There could be many mechanisms working together that 12 us in choosing genetically similar friends 13 “functional kinship” of being friends with 14 ! One of the remarkable findings of the study was that the similar genes seem to be evolving 15 than other genes. Studying this could help 16 why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major 17 factor. The findings do not simply explain people’s 18 to befriend those of similar 19 backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to 20 that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.

1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what
2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised
3. [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by
4. [A] compared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected
5. [A] tests [B] objects [C] samples [D] examples
6. [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C] unreliable [D] incredible
7. [A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know
8. [A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass
9. [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus
10. [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps
11. [A] about [B] to [C] from [D] like
12. [A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D] limit
13. [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with
14. [A] chances [B] responses [C] missions [D] benefits
15. [A] later [B] slower [C] faster [D] earlier
16. [A] forecast [B] remember [C] understand [D] express
17. [A] unpredictable [B] contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive
18. [A] endeavor [B] decision [C] arrangement [D] tendency
19. [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic
20. [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tell

Echo 完形整体难点评析与易错点总结

说明：本部分为 Echo 生成的非官方学习解析，用于帮助复盘篇章逻辑与常见失分点。

客观题答案链

1-D；2-B；3-C；4-A；5-C；6-A；7-D；8-A；9-B；10-D；11-B；12-A；13-B；14-D；15-C；16-C；17-B；18-D；19-C；20-A

答案分布：A:5，B:5，C:5，D:5

篇章主线

本文主题可归为“人际沟通与社会心理”。开篇信息是：Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. 复盘时应先抓住文章对象、时间推进和因果变化，再回到每个空格判断词性、搭配和逻辑方向。

整体难点评析

• 篇章层面：完形不是逐空翻词，很多空格依赖前后两三句的照应关系。先判断段落是在介绍背景、推进事件、解释原因还是给出结论，再判断选项是否顺着文章主线发展。
• 语言层面：本篇需要重点关注名词化结构、被动与非谓语、逻辑连接、修饰后置、长句主干识别。遇到长句时先找主谓宾或系表结构，再处理介词短语、定语从句和分词结构。
• 选项层面：常见干扰来自近义词、同一语义场词汇和固定搭配误判。尤其要检查动词是否能支配后面的宾语，形容词是否能修饰目标名词，介词是否符合原文空间或逻辑关系。
• 复盘层面：先用答案链检查自己错题集中在哪一类空格，再把错题分成“词义不准、搭配不熟、逻辑关系反、代词/指代没看清”四类，后续训练会更有效。

选项观察示例

• 1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what
• 2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised
• 3. [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by

这些选项不能只按中文意思选。更稳的做法是先确定空格在句中的语法角色，再看它和前后关键词之间是否形成自然搭配，最后用全文主题检查语义是否跑偏。

易错点总结

• 只看空格所在半句，忽略上一句铺垫或下一句解释，容易把“局部通顺”的选项误当答案。
• 把近义词当成可互换词，忽略语体、搭配对象和逻辑方向，是完形高频失分原因。
• 遇到转折、让步、因果、递进时，要先判断作者态度和事件走向；逻辑方向判断错，后面的词义判断通常也会错。
• 名词空重点看可数性、抽象/具体属性和前置修饰；动词空重点看主语、宾语和时态语态；形容词/副词空重点看评价色彩和程度。
• 复盘时不要只记答案字母，应把正确选项放回原句朗读一遍，确认句法、语义和篇章三层都成立。