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2014 考研英语一 Section II Part C Translation

Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music. (46) It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself. Beethoven’s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. (47) By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works. This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven’s music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics. (48) Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him. Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society. (49) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression. Beethoven’s music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. (50) One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.

Echo 参考译文、难点评析与错误点总结

说明：以下为 Echo 生成的非官方参考译文和学习解析，用于自测、批改和复盘；不等同于官方答案。

Echo 参考译文

46. 这也解释了为什么当我们尝试用语言描述音乐的时候，充其量只能是说清楚自己的感受，而无法抓住音乐本身。
47. 总而言之，他是一个思想不受束缚的人，而且是一个富有勇气的人， 我认为勇气是理解 —— 更是演奏 —— 其作品不可或缺的品格。
48. 贝多芬惯以超凡的力度加大音响，随后突然进入一个意想不到的柔和乐段，这种手法在前人的作品中极为罕见。
49. 尤具深意的是他的自由观，在他看来自由关系到个人的权利和责任： 他主张思想和个人表达的自由。
50. 苦难是不可避免的，但与之抗争的勇气正是生活的意义所在，对贝多芬的诸多作品，我们都可做此解读。

整体难点评析

本文主题可归为“思想史与启蒙运动”。英语一翻译通常为 5 个划线句，每句 2 分。复盘时应逐句拆主干、定修饰范围，再检查抽象名词和逻辑关系是否落到中文里。

• 结构难点：重点关注名词化结构、被动与非谓语、逻辑连接、修饰后置、长句主干识别。先找主句谓语，再处理从句、分词、介词短语和插入成分，避免在中文里把修饰关系接错。
• 词义难点：不要机械使用词典第一义，尤其是抽象名词、学术动词和评价性形容词。应根据上下文确定它们是在表示事实、趋势、原因、态度还是结果。
• 逻辑难点：翻译时要显化英语中的因果、转折、让步、递进和目的关系。中文可以调整语序，但不能丢掉逻辑方向。
• 表达难点：中文译文要准确优先，再追求通顺。可以适度增补主语或承接词，但不能加入原文没有的信息。

常见错误点总结

• 主干误判：把修饰成分当主句，或漏掉真正谓语，会导致整句方向错误。
• 修饰范围错误：定语从句、分词短语和介词短语常常后置，翻译时要判断它修饰哪个名词或动作。
• 抽象名词处理生硬：如 process、approach、engagement、movement、connection 等词，要根据上下文译成“过程、方式、参与、运动、联系”等合适表达。
• 逻辑词漏译或反译：but、despite、while、so、as、with 等小词常决定句子关系，是扣分高发点。
• 中文表达不成句：逐词硬贴会让译文读不通。建议译完后用中文默读一遍，检查主语、谓语、宾语和逻辑连接是否完整。