真题总目录 › 英语一 › 2010 英语一

2010 考研英语一 Section II Part C Translation

Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance. When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it, we invent excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of the century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. (46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. The evidence had to be economic in order to be valid. It is painful to read these roundabout accounts today. We have no land ethic yet, (47) but we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us. A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds. (48) Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless” species. Here again, the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid. It is only in recent years that we hear the more honest argument that predators are members of the community, and that no special interest has the right to exterminate them for the sake of a benefit, real or fancied, to itself. Some species of trees have been “read out of the party” by economics- minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale value to pay as timber crops. (49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the noncommercial tree species are recognized as members of the native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason. Moreover, some have been found to have a valuable function in building up soil fertility. The interdependence of the forest and its constituent tree species, ground flora, and fauna is taken for granted. To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. (50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. It assumes, falsely, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.

Echo 参考译文、难点评析与错误点总结

说明：以下为 Echo 生成的非官方参考译文和学习解析，用于自测、批改和复盘；不等同于官方答案。

Echo 参考译文

46. 科学家们急忙介入，但提出的证据显然站不住脚，其大意是，如果鸟类不能控制昆虫的数量，昆虫便会吞噬我们人类。
47. 但是我们至少近乎承认，无论鸟类能否带给我们经济价值，它们自有生存下去的权利。
48. 曾经有段时间，生物学家或多或少滥用了一种证据，即这些生物通过杀死体弱者来保持种群的健康，或者说它们仅仅捕食没有价值的物种。
49. 在林业生态更为发达的欧洲，没有商业价值的树种被合理地看成是当地森林群落的成员，并得到相应的保护。
50. 这种保护系统往往忽视陆地群落中诸多缺乏商业价值、但对其健康运行至关重要的物种，从而最终导致它们的灭绝。

整体难点评析

本文主题可归为“科技研究与公共参与”。英语一翻译通常为 5 个划线句，每句 2 分。复盘时应逐句拆主干、定修饰范围，再检查抽象名词和逻辑关系是否落到中文里。

• 结构难点：重点关注名词化结构、被动与非谓语、逻辑连接、修饰后置、长句主干识别。先找主句谓语，再处理从句、分词、介词短语和插入成分，避免在中文里把修饰关系接错。
• 词义难点：不要机械使用词典第一义，尤其是抽象名词、学术动词和评价性形容词。应根据上下文确定它们是在表示事实、趋势、原因、态度还是结果。
• 逻辑难点：翻译时要显化英语中的因果、转折、让步、递进和目的关系。中文可以调整语序，但不能丢掉逻辑方向。
• 表达难点：中文译文要准确优先，再追求通顺。可以适度增补主语或承接词，但不能加入原文没有的信息。

常见错误点总结

• 主干误判：把修饰成分当主句，或漏掉真正谓语，会导致整句方向错误。
• 修饰范围错误：定语从句、分词短语和介词短语常常后置，翻译时要判断它修饰哪个名词或动作。
• 抽象名词处理生硬：如 process、approach、engagement、movement、connection 等词，要根据上下文译成“过程、方式、参与、运动、联系”等合适表达。
• 逻辑词漏译或反译：but、despite、while、so、as、with 等小词常决定句子关系，是扣分高发点。
• 中文表达不成句：逐词硬贴会让译文读不通。建议译完后用中文默读一遍，检查主语、谓语、宾语和逻辑连接是否完整。